CINERGIA’s solutions for electromobility

Electromobility Platform

Mobility is one of the main challenges of the 21st century. Environmental concerns are driving a growing demand for more efficient and cleaner means of transportation. Advances in the field of electromobility are mainly linked to the development of battery technology and power electronics for charging, discharging and driving electrical motors.

Our knowledge and experience is your best partner in e-mobility test platforms.

CINERGIA has thorough experience in providing solutions for R&D, Functional and End of Line test in this field. Our products are continoulsy improved from the experience gained by applying our technology to many e-mobility projects and working closely with our customers. This technical note describes the functions and characteristics of the main devices involved in the EV-Charging process and the testing solutions CINERGIA can propose.

Off-board EV Charger

Test platforms

Electrical Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE), also called Off-board chargers, are the components interfacing the public grid to an electric vehicle. They are standardized in 4 different modes, described on the following page, depending on the power, safety functionality and communication capabilities.

EVSE manufacturers need to test their units from the AC grid side and the EV output side. Our Grid Simulator(GE+) can be used to provide stable and clean voltages, as well as to generate worldwide grids. When needed, the Grid Simulator will create disturbances following IEC 61000-4/11/13/14/28 standards. Our Regenerative Electronic Load will emulate the electrical behaviour of an EV both in AC (EL+) and in DC (B2C+) to test the output of a charger or a mode 2 cable. When simultaneity is not required, the combined All-in-one product (AC/DC, GE/EL) offers the most cost-effective solution.

What charging modes exist?

The charging process of the electric vehicle has been regulated by IEC-61851, where four charging modes are defined.

• Mode 1: Slow charge in AC. From a conventional, standard plug base. There is no pilot function between the vehicle and the charging point.

• Mode 2: Slow charge in AC. The cable includes communications, a ground monitoring system for safety and a pilot function.

• Mode 3: Semi-fast charging in AC. Fixed charging point integrating communications, a ground monitoring system for safety and a pilot function. 

• Mode 4: Fast charging in DC. The charging point comprises an AC / DC converter, ground monitoring protection and communications integrated into the charger.

Our Solutions for

On-board Charger

Test platforms

This AC to DC converters are used to charge the battery, in DC, directly from the public grid. They are embedded in the car, so they need to be light and in consequence, they are typically low-power AC to DC converters. In some cases, however, the charger is part of the drive train converter allowing high-power charging.

Our Grid Simulator (GE+) is perfect to test the AC side of the charger in stable and distorted conditions and perform functional and immunity assessments. The DC side is tested using our DC Electronic Loads (B2C+) which include a software option to emulate the electrical behaviour of a battery.

Our devices can reduce the total power used thanks to their regenerative hardware.

Our Solutions

Test platform for OBC charger

Battery Emulation

Battery Emulation. The B2C+ integrates a mathematical model to emulate the voltage behaviour of a real battery pack. The output voltage changes as a function of the SOC and Current. By configuring the provided parameters, the voltage profile can be adjusted to match different technologies: LiIon, NiMH, NiCd, Pb, Flux, etc.

Our battery emulation software works with a model from O. Tremblay, L.-A. Dessaint, A.-I. Dekkiche, “A Generic Battery Model for the Dynamic Simulation of Hybrid Electric Vehicles”, 2007 IEEE® Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, September 9-13, 2007, Arlington/Texas, USA.

Vehicle to grid (V2G) and Vehicle to home (V2H)

Test platforms

Vehicle-to-grid and Vehicle to home solutions are next-generation systems that convert the electric vehicle into an active agent of the electrical grid. These systems are able to reduce power consumption (becoming a controllable load) or supply energy from the EV battery into the grid to provide ancillary services in high-demand scenarios. New revolutionary developments go even further in using the EV battery as the energy resource of an islanded grid.

Battery

Test platforms

The constant research in this field has allowed for performance improvement in terms of autonomy, density and power ratings, amongst others. A key factor in this process is testing new developments for the verification and characterization of batteries.

B2C+ (DC Bidirectional Converter) is CINERGIA’s model specially designed to test battery packs. Through our software, advanced tests can be configured and automated for charging, discharging, cycling, ageing and characterizing. Driving profiles can be emulated by downloading .csv files.

Battery Pack Testing

Battery pack testing. This functionality enables the user to precisely control the charge, discharge and cycling of a Battery. Basic parameters include the charge/discharge current, fast charge and floating voltages, while advanced parameters add Energy (Ah) and Time as transition conditions. Profiles for each Battery technology can be saved and imported in .csv files.

EV Drivetrain emulation

Sequence. The User Interface Software integrates a Sequence Editor to create automatic test sequences, save them for future use and import them in .csv files. A smart datalogger can be activated to record automatically the resulting voltage and current measurements with a time resolution of 400 ms.

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